Presswood Pallets

Presswood Pallets
Netherlands
http://www.presswood-pallets.nl/home.aspx

Worldwide known as the chipwood pallet of Presswood (Inka pallet)
quickly delivered in large or small quantities.

Presswood pallets can be delivered quickly to any destination, either
in full truckloads or JIT, smaller orders. Furthermore, our
distribution partners can provide you with inexpensive solutions for
all your packaging needs (cardboard boxes, adhesive tapes etc.)

FEATURES

space-saving
nestable
lightweight and very durable
suitable for world wide shipping
uniform size and shape
low moisture content (6-8%)
safe - no nails or screws
closed deck
rounded corners
easy to handle
standard sizes available from stock
very cost-efficient

EXPORT

certified for worldwide export (Australia, New Zealand, USA, Canada,
China, Mexico, Brasil etc.)
suitable for air transport thanks to low tare weight of the pallets
low inherent moisture content (6 - 8% moisture), so no water
transmission to your products.

BENEFITS

exact size eases vehicle/container loading
closed top deck for extra protection of products
no nails or screws or splintering reduces damage or injury
rounded corners and tapered legs allow easy shrink and stretch wrapping

SAVINGS

save precious storage space, at least 50%
competitively priced
no heat treatment (HT) or other treatments needed for exports
low tare weight minimises transport costs

BENEFITS FOR THE
ENVIRONMENT

manufactured from 100% recycled wood
manufactured in accordance with European packaging standards
no chemical treatments

Handling tips

Presswood pallets can be delivered quickly to any destination, either
in full truck loads or JIT, smaller orders. Furthermore, our
distribution partners can provide you with inexpensive solutions for
all your packaging needs (cardboard boxes, adhesive tapes etc.)

http://www.presswood-pallets.nl/HandlingE.aspx
Set Fork width

Keep dry before using

Max 560 mm

For outdoor storing use PE cover

To separate a stack

Don't push! Avoid sliding!

Tip forks down slightly and enter carefully

Lift load completely

Block Stacking

Loading and unloading

On soft surface use dividers
(cardboard or plywood)

Always load and unload in a systematic manner, one layer at a time, to
maintain the load balance and stability

Avoid spot loads an spot pressure

Beam rack

Support the span by some means
(for example: inhouse pallet)

Presswood Pallets are pest-free and require no specific treatment for export!

The pallets are manufactured in the same manner as particle boards.
Wood chips are dried and the pallets are then molded by applying great
pressure and heat. No plant pests could survive this process, which is
advantageous indeed for the exporter.

Import regulations for (solid) wood pallets
In order to protect their own forests from foreign pests associated
with wood materials, increasing numbers of countries require that wood
be heat-treated and fumigated, and also require a standardized marking
of the pallets and / or certification by the plant protection
authorities.

IPPC-ISPM15 Guidelines
The IPPC (International Plant Protection Committee) is a
sub-organization of the UN's FAO (United Nations Food and Agriculture
Organization). Import regulations require that wooden packaging
undergo various processes, such as heat treatment, fumigation,
certification, marking, etc. The aim of this international standard is
to harmonize the different national regulations. Some countries are
already implementing the IPPC-ISPM guidelines as national legislation
(China, Canada); other countries will soon follow suit (South Korea,
EU).

In accordance with the International Standard for Phytosanitary
Measures (IPPC-ISPMs), particle boards present no danger whatsoever of
raw wood pests. Presswood pallets, therefore, are exempt from the
IPPC-ISPM15 regulations for non-manufactured wood, thus offering the
assurance of a rapid and inexpensive import process. You will save
time, aggravation and money!

By using Presswood pallets, you will need neither a phytosanitary
certificate nor a manufacturer's certificate. Some countries, however,
will require the exporter to add a "non-wood declaration" to the
export documents, the text of which can be downloaded in word document
format under Download.
Voluntary manufacturing certificates for countries such as the USA,
Canada, Mexico and Chile are also available there. Documents for other
countries can be obtained upon request.

Presswood certification for your exports to Australia, New Zealand
For these countries, you will need an original "Details of
Manufacture" certificate for each new consignment on Presswood
pallets. Please ensure you request the certificate in a timely fashion
at info@Presswood-paletten.de. Don't forget to add the exporters'
details (company and address)!
We will then send these documents, free-of charge, by return post.
For further export tips, please see news

Links to import regulations
- IPPC ISPMs 2002
- AQIS (Australian Quarantine and Inspection Service)
search: Cargo Containers Quarantine aspects and procedures
- North American Plant Health Organization (USA, Canada, Mexico)
- USA (solid wood packaging)

Presswood Verkoopmij BV
Lokhorstweg 13a-27
3851 SE Ermelo
the Netherlands

Tel:(+31)0341 553379
Fax: (+31)0341 563653
pallets@presswood.nl

Plastic Slip Sheets ; benefits

Plastic Slip Sheets
Plastic Slip Sheets are designed for palletless material handling.
It's a flat Polyethylene Sheet that when placed under a unitized load,
allows it to be mobilized. The top surface of the sheet has a greater
coefficient of friction (COF) that allows for the product to remain
motionless. The bottom surface (slip area) has far less COF, which
allows for the unitized load to move freely.
Plastic Slip Sheets are becoming the most efficient and cost effective
material-handling product replacing the traditional wood pallet.
Plastic Slip Sheets are being used world wide to ship a growing number
of products including but not limited to: Food and Beverage,
Electronics, Chemicals, and Agriculture.
Advantages:
Moisture and Bacteria Resistant
Higher Tensile Strength (Pull Resistance)
High Co-efficient of Friction (COF) Non-Slip surface
Hygienic Cleaner Platform / Maintenance free
Maximize Container Space by adding more product and less packaging weight
Maximize Warehouse Space
Less expensive than wood pallets
100% reusable and recyclable
Eliminate wood pallet certification
Standard Technical Specifications
Product:
High Density Polyethylene Slip Sheet
Material:
Polyethylene
Size:
Custom Fabrication
Gauge:
0.016" > 0.120"
Color:
Black, White, Gray
Additional Information
Comperative Cost Analysis of Plastic Slip Sheets vs. Wood Pallets (pdf)
http://www.freshpakcorp.com/Cost%20Analysis.pdf

Case Studies/Implementation Manual (pdf)
Slip Sheets Replacing Pallets at Home Depot (pdf)
Custom manufacturing also available utilizing other resin types, size
variations, and colors. Fresh-Pak Corporation adheres to ISO
manufacturing standards.

PLASTIC DIVIDER SHEETS : benefits

PLASTIC DIVIDER SHEETS
Plastic Divider Sheets or some times referred to as Plastic Tier
Sheets are manufactured to meet the demands of the Food and Beverage
industry's packaging standards. Plastic Divider Sheets are made to
have memory and flexibility characteristics which allows it to regain
a smooth, flat surface desired for extended life and multiple repack
turns.
Plastic Divider Sheets are used mainly as layer sheets between
bottles or cans. Due to their many distinct advantages , Plastic
Divider Sheets are replacing the traditional fiber sheets and are
fast becoming the product of choice in the Food and Beverage
Industries.
Advantages
• High Co-Efficient of Friction for a Tight Pack
• Sanitary - reduced foreign matter contamination
• Surface memory
• Flexible, yet rigid
• Reusable
• Washable
• Odorless
• Moisture and Bacteria Resistant
• Recyclable
Standard Technical Specifications
Product:
Plastic Divider / Tier Sheet
Material:
Virgin Polypropylene Resin - FDA approved
Size:
56" x 44"
Gauge:
0.0180" > 0.120"
Color
Custom
Custom manufacturing also available utilizing other resin types, size
variations, and colors. Fresh-Pak Corporation adheres to ISO
manufacturing standards.

Comperative Cost Analysis of Plastic Slip Sheets vs. Wood Pallets

Comperative Cost Analysis of Plastic Slip Sheets vs. Wood Pallets (pdf)

http://www.freshpakcorp.com/Cost%20Analysis.pdf

steel pallet CNY 150 / pc ~$ 23.94

steel pallet CNY 150 / pc ~$ 23.94
Min Order: 20 / pc Country of Origin: Made In China
by Dalian Litainer Logistic Equipments Co.,Ltd

DIYTrade.com - pallet
picture
http://www.google.com/gwt/i?i=tw/6F63621F_F4821E2D_4A793F0D-160-jpeg

Unit Price: CNY 150 / pc Min Order: 20 / pc Country of Origin: Made In
China Product Description: Dalian Litainer Logistic Equipments
Co.,Ltd specializes in manufacturing of logistc equipmen..

Company Name: Dalian Litainer Logistic Equipments Co.,Ltd

Company Address: YOUYI STREET JINZHOU DISTRICT DALIAN LIAONING CHINA

Company Phone: 86-0411-84069745

Company Fax: 86-0411-84789622

Contact Person: guohua (sales)

Contact Phone: -
Contact Now

ISPM15.com difinitive guide to international import & export regulations concerning ISPM15

ISPM15.com
Welcome to the difinitive guide to international import & export
regulations concerning ISPM15. Details of: processed compliant
packing, export import customs clearance inspection, pallet heat
treatment or tanilization tanilisation. further information at
www.inkapallets.com

Welcome to the definitive guide to international
import and export regulations.

It is our aim to gather and provide you with the most up-to-date
information available from national government departments;
international regulatory bodies; trade associations; plus other
regionally recognised & qualified sources, on matters relating to the
regulations controlling the import and export of wooden packaging.

While we are pleased to provide this information free of charge, in
the interests of the international prevention of the spread of plant
pests & diseases; we wish to highlight that PRESSWOODョ pallets meet
all requirements of ISPM15. In fact PRESSWOODョ pallets remain outside
of these regulations as they not regarded as wood; and may be used
freely for global exports without further heat-treatment or
fumigation.

ISPM15.com difinitive guide to international import & export regulations concerning ISPM15

ISPM15.com
Welcome to the difinitive guide to international import & export
regulations concerning ISPM15. Details of: processed compliant
packing, export import customs clearance inspection, pallet heat
treatment or tanilization tanilisation. further information at
www.inkapallets.com

Welcome to the definitive guide to international
import and export regulations.

It is our aim to gather and provide you with the most up-to-date
information available from national government departments;
international regulatory bodies; trade associations; plus other
regionally recognised & qualified sources, on matters relating to the
regulations controlling the import and export of wooden packaging.

While we are pleased to provide this information free of charge, in
the interests of the international prevention of the spread of plant
pests & diseases; we wish to highlight that PRESSWOODョ pallets meet
all requirements of ISPM15. In fact PRESSWOODョ pallets remain outside
of these regulations as they not regarded as wood; and may be used
freely for global exports without further heat-treatment or
fumigation.

Steel Pallet Construction : US Patent 4382414

http://www.freepatentsonline.com/4382414.html

Wood Pallet Construction

Google Web Alert for: "Steel Pallet"

Worthington Steelpac to Manufacture Light Weight Steel ...
It's the first light weight, flame-resistant steel pallet designed to meet Grocery ... The stronger, more durable steel pallet provides material handling ...

 

Composite concrete and steel pallet for forming one end of ...
A composite pallet for forming the lower end of a concrete pipe cast in a vertical position includes a concrete base having an annular portion shaped to ...

water_bottle steel pallet

Lightweight Steel Pallets > Production Process

Advantages of METAL PALLETS over wood and plastic pallets : International Metal Pallet Co. USA

There's No Gamble With Metal

When comparing metal and wood pallets there is virtually no contest. METAL PALLET designed as an alternative to wood and plastic pallets to advance and solve problems with modern manufacturing methods. Business is a serious game and profits and losses are determined according to the methods you presently use to operate your business.

Studies and comparisons have been made and the results in every category are unanimously in favor of METAL PALLETS. But don't take our word for it. Compare for yourself the advantages of METAL PALLETS over wood and plastic pallets. And you will decide as many other companies have, to use METAL PALLETS. We want to reduce your overhead and increase you profits. International Metal Pallet Co. "Better than Wood" has developed a product to eliminate the gamble and change your conventional warehousing methods into cost savings values for your operation.

METAL	WOOD	PLASTIC
SAFTEY
EXCELLENT * Seldom Breaks * Hard to Contaminate * Easy to Decontaminate	POOR * Causes Splinters * Breaks Easily * Nails Protrude * Will Contaminate Easily * Hard to Decontaminate	GOOD * Breaks Moderately * Will Contaminate Moderately * Fairly East to Decontaminate
REPAIR
EXCELLENT * 15 Year Guarantee	GOOD * Basically Inexpensive	POOR * Non-Existent at this time
WITH ASRS EQUIPMENT
EXCELLENT * Works well with Conveyors Systems	POOR * Racks Out of Square * Pieces Jam Moving Parts of High Priced Equipment	FAIR *Plastic Gets Chewed up by Chain Conveyors
DESIGN FLEXIBILITY
EXCELLENT * Easy to Make Different Sizes and Shapes	GOOD * Easy to Make Different Sizes and Shapes	POOR * Very Costly to Make * Dyes for New Models Normally limited to Existing Models(Dyes)
CLEANLINESS
EXCELLENT * Excellent for all Clean Room Application	POOR * Due to high Breakage, Hard to Keep Warehouses Clean of Splinters and Pieces of Wood, Harbors Bugs, Fungus, Spores and Other Contaminates. Should not be Used in Clean Room Situations.	GOOD * Good for Some Clean Room Applications
FIRE
EXCELLENT * Gets Hot	POOR * Adds to Fire	POOR * Adds to Fire * Gives off Toxic Fumes
CLIMATE
EXCELLENT * Cold-No Change * Mild-No Change * Hot-Becomes Hot	GOOD * Cold-Stiffens * Mild-No Change * Hot-No Change	POOR * Cold-Becomes Brittle * Mild-No Change * Hot-Becomes Soft * Direct Sun-Loses Oil and Becomes Brittle

Galvanized coated metal pallet

48" x 48" Static WT.Cap 7,200 lbs

Starting at $27.95

Click on the picture to enlarge

All material copyright 2000, International Metal Pallet Co.

Pricing Information

With the use of STEEL the pallet is no longer "THE WEAKEST LINK" in the material handling chain.

Metal pallets were designed as an alternative to wood and plastic pallets to advance and solve problems with modern manufacturing methods.

AVAILABLE IN STANDARD & CUSTOM SIZES

When comparing pallets there is virtually NO CONTEST. 40" X 36" ..........$36.00 40" X 40" ..........$37.00 42" X 42" ..........$38.00 48" X 48" ..........$46.00 48" X 60" ..........$49.00 48" X 72" ..........$61.00 Set-Up Charges not Included

METAL...More Cost Effective Than Plastic Or Wood!

We ship to all major cities and surrounding area's

Contact Information

Phone Numbers:

	1-800-846-0709
	Tel (480) 357-2921
	Fax (480) 357-2935

Electronic Mail:

	Webmaster: webmaster
	General Information: General Information

Steel Pallet from China : 2Way โปร่ง 2 ด้าน

Aceally (Xiamen) Technology Co., Ltd.

Steel Pallet from China +Surface treatment with plastic powder spraying

Suzhou Jiahong Supermarket Rack & Shelf Co., Ltd.

Detailed Selling Lead Description

Features:
1) Product dimensions (L x W x H): 1,200 x 800 x 120mm, or upon clients' requests
2) Surface treatment: plastic powder spraying
3) Loading capacity: 1,000kg

Post Date:	May 02, 2007

http://www.tradeatchina.com/company/manufacturer/56819185/Sell%20Steel%20Pallet.html

http://www.coosasteel.com/ steel pallet หน้าเรียบ

Composite concrete and steel pallet for forming one end of concrete pipe

 Composite concrete and steel pallet for forming one end of concrete pipe

United States Patent 3941347

Link to this page:

http://www.freepatentsonline.com/3941347.html

A composite pallet for forming the lower end of a concrete pipe cast in a vertical position includes a concrete base having an annular portion shaped to form the end of the pipe. An outer annular steel ring is bonded to the base around the outer periphery of the annular portion of the concrete base, and an inner annular steel ring is bonded to the base around the inner periphery of the annular portion. The two rings are more chip-resistant than the concrete base. The outer ring is shaped to receive one end of an outer cylindrical form, and the inner ring is shaped to receive one end of an inner cylindrical form so that an annular cavity is formed between the two cylindrical forms for casting the concrete pipe.

 

Robertson, Harry H. (San Pedro, CA)
Hicks, Donnie H. (Huntington Beach, CA)
Hofmann, Hugh M. (La Habra, CA)

Application Number:

05/521351

Filing Date:

11/06/1974

Publication Date:

03/02/1976

View Patent Images:

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Referenced by:

View patents that cite this patent

Export Citation:

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Assignee:

AMERON INC

Primary Class:

249/204

Other Classes:

249/100

International Classes:

B28B21/02; B28B21/82; B28B21/00; B28B21/02

Field of Search:

425/DIG.17, 425/262, 425/470, 249/100, 249/144, 249/146-148, 249/150, 249/152-153, 249/187-188, 249/204, 52/245, 52/247

US Patent References:

2683912	July, 1954	Serrell	249/150	Collapsible concrete pipe mold
2966713	January, 1961	Billner	249/100	Molding apparatus
3180000	April, 1965	Bossner	249/152	Formwork for manufacturing prestressed hollow concrete bodies
3186679	June, 1965	Williams	249/134	Concrete form assembly and clamping means therefor

Primary Examiner:

Baldwin, Robert D.

Assistant Examiner:

Mcquade, John

Attorney, Agent or Firm:

Christie, Parker & Hale

Claims:

We claim:

1. A composite pallet for forming one end of a cast concrete pipe, the pallet comprising a concrete base having an annular portion shaped to form the end of the pipe, an outer annular ring bonded to the base around the outer periphery of the annular portion, and an inner annular ring bonded to the base around the inner periphery of the annular portion, the two rings each being spaced from each other and of a material more chip-resistant than the concrete base, the outer ring being shaped to receive one end of an outer cylindrical form, the inner ring being shaped to receive one end of an inner cylindrical form.

2. Apparatus according to claim 1 in which the concrete base is annular.

3. Apparatus according to claim 1 in which the rings are made of steel.

4. Apparatus according to claim 1 in which an annular boss is formed on the inner periphery of the outer ring to receive the end of the outer form, and an annular boss is formed on the outer periphery of the inner ring to receive the end of the inner form.

5. Apparatus according to claim 4 which includes an outwardly opening annular groove around the annular boss on the outer ring, a gasket disposed in the groove in the outer ring to seal against the end of the outer form, an inwardly opening annular groove around the annular boss on the inner ring, and a gasket disposed within the groove around the annular boss on the inner ring to seal against the end of the inner form.

Description:

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

1. Field of the Invention

This invention relates to apparatus for making concrete pipe.

2. Description of the Prior Art

It has long been industrial practice to make concrete pipe by casting a concrete mixture or slurry in a mold cavity of suitable shape. U.S. Pat. No. 1,591,060 shows apparatus for making such pipe. Typically, a pair of cylindrical forms are mounted coaxially on a horizontal steel base, and the pipe is cast in the annular space beteen the two cylindrical forms.

A steel base is expensive because of the high cost of steel and the high cost of working it. In relatively large plants for making concrete pipe, the steel bases alone require a substantial capital investment. This invention provides a base which is relatively inexpensive compared to the prior art steel bases, and yet performs as well as the steel bases.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

This invention provides a composite base or pallet for forming the lower end of a concrete pipe cast in an upright position. The pallet includes a concrete base having an annular portion shaped to form the lower end of the pipe. An outer annular ring is bonded to the base around the outer periphery of the annular portion of the base. An inner annular ring is bonded to the base around the inner periphery of the annular portion of the base. The two rings are each of a material which is more chip-resistant than the concrete base. Preferably, the rings are made of steel. The outer ring is shaped to receive one end of an upright outer cylindrical form, and the inner ring is shaped to receive one end of an upright inner cylindrical form, which fits coaxially within the outer form.

Preferably, the concrete base is annular, and the rings are embedded with lugs in the concrete.

In the preferred form, an annular boss is formed on the inner periphery of the outer ring to provide an outwardly extending annular shoulder or seat for the lower end of the outer form. An annular boss is formed on the outer periphery of the inner ring to provide an inwardly extending annular seat for the lower end of the inner cylindrical form.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWING

FIG. 1 is a fragmentary cross-sectional view showing typical bell and spigot ends of concrete pipes;

FIG. 2 is a plan view of the composite pallet of this invention with the outer and inner cylindrical forms removed; and

FIG. 3 is a view taken on line 3--3 of FIG. 2 with the outer and inner cylindrical forms in place for casting.

DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS

Referring to FIG. 1, a first section of pipe 10 includes the typical spigot end 12 adapted to mate with a typical bell end 14 of a second section of concrete pipe 16.

Referring to FIGS. 2 and 3, an annular concrete base 18 rests on a floor (not shown) or other suitable support. A raised annular boss 20 is formed integrally with the concrete base on its upper surface. A downwardly and inwardly sloping frusto-conical wall 22 joins the inner periphery of the concrete boss with the outer periphery of a lower flat central section 24, which forms the remainder of the top surface of the annular concrete base. A horizontal annular outer steel ring 26 is embedded in the upper edge of the outer periphery of the raised annular boss of the concrete base. The outer ring includes an upwardly extending annular boss 28 formed integrally with the remainder of the ring so that the ring has an annular outwardly extending shoulder or seat 30 and a vertical cylindrical wall 32. An annular gasket 34 is disposed within an outwardly opening horizontal annular groove 36 in the cylindrical wall 32 of the raised boss on the outer steel ring.

The lower end of a conventional hollow cylindrical form 38 makes a close fit against the vertical cylindrical wall 32. The gasket 36 seals the annular space between the inner face of the outer form and the upright cylindrical wall 32. The lower end of the outer form is stiffened by a relatively short heavy cylindrical outer shoe 40 welded to the outside surface of the outer form.

The outer ring is firmly anchored in the raised concrete boss by a plurality of inwardly and radially extending embedment lugs 42 welded at equally spaced intervals to the inside face of the outer ring, and by a plurality of inwardly and downwardly extending short sections 43 of reinforcing bar welded at their respective upper ends to the lower end of the junction between the lugs and the inner annular steel ring. Each lug is a vertical rectangular steel plate having a height equal to that of the outer ring. The upper surface of each lug is flush with the top surface of the raised boss on the outer ring, and both of these surfaces are flush with the top surface of the raised boss 20 on the concrete base.

A horizontal inner annular steel ring 44 is embedded in the inner periphery of the upper inner edge of the concrete base. The inner ring includes an integrally formed annular raised boss 46 on the outer periphery of the outer ring so that an inwardly extending annular seat 48 and a vertical cylindrical wall 49 are formed at the inner periphery of the inner annular ring. The lower end of an inner cylindrical form 50 rests on the inwardly extending seat 48. The outer surface of the inner form makes a close fit against the vertical cylindrical wall 49. An annular gasket 52 in an annular inwardly opening horizontal groove 54 in the vertical cylindrical wall 49 seals the annular space between the lower end of the inner form and the cylindrical wall 49. The lower end of the inner form is stiffened by a relatively short heavy cylindrical inner shoe 55 welded to the inside of the inner form.

The inner ring is firmly anchored in the concrete base by a plurality of radially and outwardly extending embedment lugs 56 welded at their respective inner ends to the outer face of the inner ring at equally spaced intervals, and a plurality of downwardly and outwardly extending short sections 57 of reinforcing bar welded at their respective upper ends to the lower end of the junction between the lugs and the outer annular steel ring. Each embedment lug is a vertical rectangular plate having a height equal to that of the total height of the inner ring so that the top surface of the raised boss on the inner ring, the top surface of each respective lug, and the horizontal surface 24 of the inner portion of the cylindrical base lie in the same horizontal plane. Thus, the upper surfaces of the rings, the lugs, and the concrete base are disposed to shape the spigot end of a concrete pipe (not shown in FIGS. 2 and 3) cast in the annular space 60 between the inner and outer forms.

In using the composite pallet of this invention, the top surface of the concrete base is coated with a suitable silicone base sealer which fills the surface pores of the concrete and reduces sticking of the cast concrete pipe to the concrete base. A wax coating is preferably applied on top of the silicone sealer between each casting operation to minimize sticking. The pallet and forms are assembled as shown in FIG. 3. Concrete mixture or slurry (not shown) is poured into the annular space between the inner and outer forms with suitable tamping and vibration. The upper end of the concrete pipe is shaped with a conventional top ring (not shown) to form the spigot end of the pipe. Of course, the pallet could be shaped so that it forms the spigot end of the pipe. This would be achieved by making a pallet which is the mirror image of the pallet shown in FIG. 3.

After the concrete mixture or slurry is sufficiently set for the pipe to be self-supporting, the cylindrical forms are removed, and are ready for reuse. After the pipe is more fully cured, it is removed from the pallet, which is then ready for cleaning and the application of a fresh coat of wax or oil before the next pipe is cast.

The advantages of this invention, particularly for large diameter pipes, say, three feet to twelve feet, is that the composite pallet results in significant material cost savings and substantially cuts fabricating costs. The bulk of the pallet is formed of concrete, which is relatively inexpensive, and easily cast in the desired shape. The steel rings on the pallet prevent spalling damage to the concrete base which would otherwise result from the repeated set-up and removal of the steel wall forms. The rings also provide a positive and reliable seal for both the inner and outer pipe wall forms.

The average steel pallet

The need to eliminate the waste, cost, and inefficiency of wood pallets has been
obvious for some time, and several companies have attempted to introduce
alternative products in plastic, aluminum and steel. We believe that our steel
and galvanized steel pallet will offer the following advantages over other
products in the market:

o     An APL steel pallet will be able to take on a static load of up to
65,000 pounds. Alternative materials like plastic and aluminum can
hold about 20,000 pounds per load.

o     Our steel pallets will be more environmentally friendly as they are
reusable. Plastic and aluminum can be recycled, but because plastic
or aluminum pallets are not as durable as steel, they must be
recycled more often. While wood pallets can be recycled into wood
particles, it is generally not feasible to do so. It is too
dangerous to burn wood pieces from pallets made from hardwoods in
wood stoves because they burn at temperatures that can warp or even
melt residential wood stoves. Any pallets, especially those made
from hardwoods, that are dumped in landfills can take 20 years or
more to decompose.

o     Our steel pallets last long enough to deliver enough repeated


uses to substantially lower average costs. The average steel pallet
has an expected life of 5 years. Single or limited-use pallets are
inherently more expensive than re-useable pallets. Reusable pallets
made of steel can be substantially more cost effective over time
than any other alternative.

APL STEEL PALLETS : PALLET MANAGEMENT & LOGISTICS SERVICES

AMERICAN PALLET LEASING

COMPETITION  
  We believe that the wood pallet industry is very fragmented, consisting of over approximately 3,700 small manufacturers. We believe that our only competition in the wood pallet industry is Commonwealth Handling Equipment Pooling which operates in over 30 countries, controlling approximately 150 million pallets and 30 million containers. Further, we are aware of several metal pallet manufacturers that are, or potentially could be, our competition. These metal pallet manufacturers have longer operating histories, greater name recognition and significantly greater financial resources. 
  
 17  
   
 PALLET MANAGEMENT & LOGISTICS SERVICES   
  We are engaged in reducing product distribution costs for manufacturers and distributors by providing value-added transport packaging products and logistical services. Our transport packaging services focus on reducing customer distribution costs and include pallet retrieval, repair, reverse distribution, tracking, logistics and value-added information services. 
  Acquiring wood pallet manufacturers and distributors combined with our pallet management and logistics services are intended to allow us to create credibility, reliability, consistency and performance, and perform ongoing "in house" assessments in order to determine the optimal allocation of both wood and steel pallets. Through these efforts, we hope to create a vertically integrated company that offers a seamless and efficient conduit for renting steel pallets and selling wood pallets. 
  We intend to develop and provide an Internet-based service to our corporate customers that will provide a logistics and information system that manages the flow of shipping platforms (steel pallets with embedded satellite positioning chips) throughout the industrial supply chain within specific geographic regions in the U.S. centered around our logistics hubs. We intend to create a closed loop delivery, recovery and recycling system, which will enable us to effectively rent our steel pallets to customers and provide logistics services and information simultaneously, thereby reducing their costs, improving inventory tracking and control, reducing waste and enhancing just in time delivery. 
  Our proposed pallet management and logistics services are intended to enable the customer to reduce overhead and we will assume total responsibility for the ownership (steel pallets only), management and control of a customer's pallets (wood and steel). We intend to further reduce labor and supply chain costs and ensure seamless integration of pallets into the customer's supply chain by: (a) on-site management of all pallets, including the inspection and sorting of pallets; (b) inventory management and ordering of all pallets; and (c) improved asset control and tracking, either through on-site APL personnel or a dedicated IT connection. 
   
 Pallet Management and Logistics Services   
   The Closed Loop System:  
  In order to facilitate a working leasing system a process is needed to be created that would allow the delivery and recovery of pallets; this is what we call our "closed loop system". This system functions when an order is received, a delivery date is entered and a truck is booked for delivery. The pallets are picked up from either a manufacturing facility or a depot and delivered to the customer. As part of entering into an agreement with us, the customer agrees to hold the used pallets at its facility to be picked up once a full load has been collected, unless there are several customers within a certain radius, then once a full load has been collected among a group of customers, a truck will pick up the used pallets to be returned to a depot (size of radius depends on location of customer, size of city/cities that the customer is located by or in and number of other customers within the radius). Pallets are collected and stored in a predictable manner, which allows us to coordinate the delivery of its pallets to its customers with the pickup of its used pallets. 
  The Pallets will be manufactured at our manufacturing facilities, and collected by standard recycling practices. 
   Tracking the Pallets:  
  The pallets are tracked through several methods including: 1) standard inventory management where a customer is given x number of pallets that are transported to preset destinations. The customer must return or account for x number of pallets by a certain date determined by its normal inventory turn around period agreed upon when a contract is signed; 2) radio frequency identification tags 
 ("RFID"), which track pallets as they enter and leave our facilities; and 3) 
 satellite tracking chip is used only if an order is large enough to warrant the cost of resources needed to track the pallets. As well as needing an order large enough in size, the price per a pallet is also increased. The satellite tracking system is used much like GPS. A signal is sent to the pallets and then sent to the satellite giving us the ability to locate the pallets within feet of their current location. 
   The Internet and Customers  
  We intend to use the Internet to help inform our current customers where their order of pallets is located. If they are standard pallets then the customer can login using a name and password that was given to them to find if their load of pallets has been shipped to them, as well as to determine how many pallets are due back from them. The RFID allows for more information to be entered for the customers to see, such as what product is being shipped on the pallets and which warehouse the pallets are in. The satellite tracking gives the information that the RFID does as well as provide current status of product such as location on the interstate. How often the information is updated is pre set when the pallets are ordered. 
  The only drawback to manufacturing steel pallets is that a large number has to be produced before we can effectively service several different companies on a leasing basis. The steel pallets are very easy to lease to companies. The steel pallets are stronger than wood and plastic pallets (which mean less product loss due to broken pallets), the steel pallets have conformity, whereas most wood pallets do not, are more sanitary, and the steel pallets are as light as the average wood pallet. 
  The steel prices have actually fluctuated by a similar percentage as the wood prices. The fluctuating steel price actually has less of an effect over time on our leasing program. Since the average steel pallet has an expected life of 5 years, the steel pallet would pay for itself many times over. 
   
 APL STEEL PALLETS   
  The need to eliminate the waste, cost, and inefficiency of wood pallets has been obvious for some time, and several companies have attempted to introduce alternative products in plastic, aluminum and steel. We believe that our steel and galvanized steel pallet will offer the following advantages over other products in the market: 
  o     An APL steel pallet will be able to take on a static load of up to 65,000 pounds. Alternative materials like plastic and aluminum can hold about 20,000 pounds per load. 
  o     Our steel pallets will be more environmentally friendly as they are reusable. Plastic and aluminum can be recycled, but because plastic or aluminum pallets are not as durable as steel, they must be recycled more often. While wood pallets can be recycled into wood particles, it is generally not feasible to do so. It is too dangerous to burn wood pieces from pallets made from hardwoods in wood stoves because they burn at temperatures that can warp or even melt residential wood stoves. Any pallets, especially those made from hardwoods, that are dumped in landfills can take 20 years or more to decompose. 
  o     Our steel pallets last long enough to deliver enough repeated 
  
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  uses to substantially lower average costs. The average steel pallet has an expected life of 5 years. Single or limited-use pallets are inherently more expensive than re-useable pallets. Reusable pallets made of steel can be substantially more cost effective over time than any other alternative. 

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